A Career in Athletic Training Essay - 1291 Words

Many people are more active today than they were many years ago. Injury prevention and diagnosis plays a big role in today’s society. Preventing an injury is important for many athletes all over the world, and for people that are physically active. Preventing injuries can benefit an athlete in the long run. Athletic trainers help athletes and physically active people stay healthy for what they do on a daily basis. Athletic Training plays a big role in the world today. Many people are on the go whether it is for sports or every day activities. Athletic Trainers can help with athletes of any age or industrial workers performing physical tasks or even an average citizen in recreational athletics. They help prevent injuries and help†¦show more content†¦Some trainers work in hospitals and clinics and travel around the area and talk to colleges and high schools about Athletic Training programs. They must also have good social skills because they interact with patients ofte n (Campus Explorer). Lee Ann Price, a certified Athletic Trainer, stated that â€Å"AT’s do everything from preventative and emergency care to rehab, reconditioning, strength and conditioning, psychology and nutrition of athletes and physically active people. They specialize in heat and illness diagnosis and concussion and management.† The amount of education required for becoming an Athletic Trainer is four years. The student must take health, human anatomy, physiology, nutrition, and biomechanics courses in college (Campus Explorer). Programs that provide formal instruction cute injury and illness prevention, first aid and emergency care, assessment of injury and illness, human anatomy and physiology, therapeutic modalities, and nutrition (Athletic Training Association). In order to get a job in colleges or universities, a masters or doctoral degree is necessary. A bachelor’s degree is usually the basic requirement, but more than 70% of Athletic Trainers furt her their education and get more advanced degrees. Students must be educated in both the classroom and in clinical settings (Campus Explorer). Athletic Trainers must receive aShow MoreRelatedA Career in Athletic Training Essay516 Words   |  3 PagesA Career in Athletic Training The occupation is an athletic trainer. The job description is to work with athletes in an effort to prevent injuries. They work in amateur and professional sports. Once injuries occur, the athletic trainer is required to evaluate the problem and get the athlete the proper medical treatment. He or she also makes sure that athletes are physically ready and able to play after an injury. Athletic trainers set up physical conditioning programs for athletes, workRead MoreEssay about Athletic Training Career1210 Words   |  5 Pagesbetter? What should she do to fix this? An athletic trainer would be able to answer these questions and help this girl get back into the best physical condition possible so she could run again. The following are key parts of the Athletic Training career, including, but not limited to: requirements of education and colleges that offer programs; basic job titles and responsibilities; employers; benefits, hours, annual income; extending the job experience. An Athletic Trainer is by definition a medical professionalRead MoreWhat do I want to be when I’m older? Athletic Training Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagesresearched careers, they may already know. Everyone has different interests; therefore, everybody will most likely want to do a different career. In life, people don’t normally end up working with their friends from high school or college; they branch off into their careers and may never really talk to them again. People do not choose careers from what their friends want to do. People choose from their interests in life, so researching careers is important when finding a job. The world of careers is massive:Read MoreThe Principles Of Mechanics And Anatomy1284 Words   |  6 Pagesof the body. Since kinesiology is an umbrella class, a wide range of careers are offered with a kinesiology degree, which include: corporate wellness management, coaching, personal training, and one of the most common careers pursued, athletic training (Texas). Athletic trainers can be described as health care professions who work with certified physicians to prevent and treat injuries to athletes (Athletic Training). Athletic trainers have six areas of practice they focus on: prevention, clinicalRead MoreAthletic Training Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagestask. With the world ever-evolving, one may come across a new attractive career every year. In order to ensure optimal job satisfaction, it is vital to educate oneself about every alluring prospect prior to committing. Simple factors like the time commitment and salary can mean the difference between a content existence and a miserable one. To satisfy my curiosity and gain a broad understanding of athletic training, I chose to interview my boss, Pete Stevens. Pete is employed by PhysiotherapyRead MoreAthletic Trainer Essay577 Words   |  3 PagesI had a hard time finding a career. All the careers I came across did not interest me at all. Until a friend came up with the idea of the career of athletic training. That is when I started my research and my interest grew greater. Athletic trainers help prevent and treat injuries for people of all ages. Athletic trainers try to prevent injuries by educating people on how to reduce their risk on getting injured. Another way Athletic trainers use to prevent injuries is by advising people onRead MoreSports Medicine Trainer, Physical Therapist, Exercise Physiologist1056 Words   |  5 Pagesexercise physiologist and so many other careers. Most athletes that major in this field typically go for careers in Athletic Training. Athletic trainers have several jobs. â€Å"The American Medical Association has recognized athletic training as an allied health care profession since 1990† (American Dental Education Association , 2012). â€Å"The American Medical Association endorsed athletic training as an allied health profession in 1990, though the presence of the athletic trainer was prevalent for many decadesRead MoreThe Responsibilities of Athletic Trainers830 Words   |  3 PagesAthletic trainers have a v ariety of responsibilities included in their job description. They provide clinical diagnosis, rehabilitation therapy, and emergency care (CITE). Athletic trainers are often confused with personal trainers, because most people associate both careers with athletes. However, athletic trainers work in the field of physical medicine unlike personal trainers. For the most part, athletic trainers must have people skills and an overall enjoyment of helping others. Since they treatRead MoreMy College and Career Choices Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesOhio State University of Columbus and Miami University are the colleges that I feel would foremost prepare me to become an athletic trainer. My first college choice is Ohio University of Athens; I think that Ohio University is a prominent university. Also, I like the rural location of the college. This college provides the classes I need to pursue my career in athletic training. There are many things to consider when considering what college to attend. College can be costly when it comes to tuitionRead MorePersonal Statement : Athletic Trainer885 Words   |  4 Pages The profession that I am interested in is an Athletic Trainer. I have chosen this career because it is something that I have recently become passionate about within the last two years. I have never been the kind of person to struggle with weight, however after having my 3rd and last child, weight has become an issue. I mention my personal struggle to give insight on why I have chosen an Athletic Trainer. This profession’s main goal is physical fitness. As a trainer you become responsible for another

Essay about Ethnography - 1344 Words

When I was a kid my parents always took me to Nathdwara to take the blessings of Lord Krishna every now and then because my parents are so religious. So by going there several times I am also attached to that place. Actually Nathdwara is situated in Rajasthan state and I live in the state called Gujarat and in the city called as Ahmedabad. It takes six hours drive from my city to Nathdwara and this is the only nearest place where I could get mental peace. This is very important place for me and my family because it is a tradition of our family that whoever goes there gives free food to the hungry and poor people. We do so because we think that if we do good work in our life we will be allowed by god to go to the heaven. [The two states on†¦show more content†¦The temple itself employs some 1000 people, whilst the rest of the town is depended on the business generated directly or indirectly by the temple and the pilgrims. The temple is the only attraction of Nathdwara, as it is one of the biggest temples in India, so people from all over the country visit this temple at least once. As Indian people believe in the Vastu shastra so the construction of the building of the temple is also based on the vastu shastra which means that the entrance must be facing north side and the idol of the Lord must be located in the middle of the temple. So the management is changing the entrance to the northern side because it wasn’t appropriate before. The entrance used to look like which is been shown in the picture. [Vastu Shastra – it is a study of things that how it should be situated and how should we put the things in the way that it will be beneficial to us] The idol in the temple represents the form of Lord Krishna in which Lord Krishna lifts the Govardhan Mountain when he was only seven, Lord Krishna lifts this mountain because there was a heavy rain in his village and the houses of the villagers were no longer there so to protect the people he lifts Govardhan Mountain as shown in the picture. As a human being pass through different kind of stages in one day, so god also gives us aShow MoreRelated Ethnography Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesEthnography Works Cited Missing Reflexivity is a qualitative method of research that takes an ethnography one step further, displaying the personal thoughts and reflections of the anthropologist on his informants. Ethnographies generally take an outside or foreign perspective of a culture, like reading a text, and reflexivity introduces a new component of inside description. Here, the anthropologist may describe personal interactions and experiences with natives and use this inside informationRead MoreCritical Analysis : Critical Ethnography1457 Words   |  6 PagesIt takes caution, dedication, and morality, among many other traits, to be a good ethnographer. Adding to this, one requires a passion for justice and just change in the world to be a good critical ethnographer. Critical ethnography makes its name as a subfield in its participants’ need to alter what they view as less than acceptable conditions within a community. It extends beyond the mere study of cultures and ethnic groups and their historic problems, into territory that explores ways in whichRead MoreEssay about Ethnography1634 Words   |  7 PagesEthnography One of the most complex and interesting aspects of cultural anthropology is the ethnography. The idea of being able to read stories about groups of individuals is something that is intriguing to many people. With the ethnography, the authors many times feel that they have control and understanding over the individuals that they are writing about. Furthermore, many of these authors assume that the individuals among whom they are living and studying exemplify the entire society asRead MoreAnthropology, Ethnography, And Ethnology1568 Words   |  7 Pageswhen studying culture, ethnography, and ethnology. Ethnography and Ethnology may share a zeal for culture, they possess distinctive methodology and unique goals. Life on the field does not lack its myriad of challenges which the anthropologist must work through daily. Through the studies of ethnography and ethnology, we are able to educate ourselves on the lives and rich variegated cultures with whom we share our world. We see the frui tful work of ethnology and ethnography all around us. EthnologyRead MoreEssay about The Role of Reflexivity in Ethnography1395 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of Reflexivity in Ethnography Reflexivity, as I understand it, is very well named.It is the practice of reflecting upon oneself and one’s work, of being self-aware and self-critical. In anthropology, it is well exemplified by the work of Renato Rosaldo, Ruth Behar, and Dorinne Kondo, among others. In its most obvious form (or at least the form most obvious to me), reflexivity is manifest in the practice of an ethnographer including herself in her own ethnographic research---seeing herselfRead MoreEssay about Writing an Ethnography2331 Words   |  10 Pageseven more pertinent if posed about ethnographies. An ethnography is, by nature, meant to be a description of a people (the dictionary definition actually refers to â€Å"scientific description of individual cultures,† but that brings up questions about the meaning of â€Å"scientific† and â€Å"culture†). How can a people (or a culture) be described truthfully? And what is the relationship between the idealized pursuit of truth and ethical practices? In writing an ethnography, both what the ethnographer sees (asRead MoreThe Perils And Privileges Of Auto Ethnography1141 Words   |  5 PagesReading Response Week 4: The Perils and Privileges of Auto-Ethnography Although not mentioned in this week’s Marshall/Rossman chapter, feminism and autoethnography has popped up before in prior readings, so there is some familiarity with both concepts. Now comes what their synthesis looks like in practice. In this light the readings forced me to re-examine positionality, especially in the framework of auto-ethnography. At first I thought this was too obvious but in light of the titularRead MoreThe Science Of Desire : Ethnography And Its Proponents Play1144 Words   |  5 PagesSummary The article The Science of Desire presents ethnography and its proponents play an important role in modern business world. Author Ante began with an example, the satellite-radio war, to show how ethnography worked in business. In satellite-radio war, Sirius Satellite Ratio made a team of social scientists, designers, and ethnographers. Through studying customers’ habit of listening to music, watching TV and reading magazines, the team concluded several facts that can defeat competitors. ThenRead MoreKung Life: An Ethnography by Majorie Shostak1023 Words   |  5 PagesThe many ethnographies produced from the fieldwork of anthropologist, account for much of our knowledge of cultures we may co nsider foreign of our own. Ethnographies are often written to provide an understanding of the practices of the studied culture, thus bridging the gap between separate ways of life. Majorie Shostak is one of the well known anthropologist who attempts to do just this in her writings. During her stay in the Dobe regions of Botswana, she studied the life of !Kung women to findRead MoreEthnography And Its Difference From Other Research Methods1439 Words   |  6 PagesEthnography is a complex process it s not just simply viewing children in their environment.Ethnography allow research to examine children in ways other research cannot because ethnography allows the researcher to see and be a part of a children s peer culture.Ethnography involves prolonged fieldwork where researchers study a group to understand their mundane practices of life. the observation allows them to see their physical and institutional settings, their daily routines,their beliefs and

An Evaluation of World Trade Organization

Question: Describe about An Evaluation of The Significance Of World Trade Organizations (Wto) Dispute Settlement System On Various Developing Countries? Answer: Introduction The procedure of World Trade Organization to resolve the quarrels regarding trade under the Dispute Settlement Understanding is very important to enforce the protocols and thus to ensure the flows of that trade very smoothly. Therefore, the researcher has focused to make a dissertation on the dispute settlement of WTO and to demonstrate its importance over different countries all over the world. However, it is a relevant problem for all the developing countries worldwide. Thus, the researcher has given a special attention to Bangladesh in order to demonstrate the whole discussion. The researcher has mainly concentrated to discuss the process of improving the dispute settlement system of WTO by discussing all the issues that the developing countries especially Bangladesh are facing. Background to the Research Settlement of Dispute is the unique contribution of the World Trade Organization to the global economy stability and the central pillar of the multilateral trading system. The protocol based system without a means of settling disputes would be less active as the protocols could not be applied. The Dispute Settlement particularly refers to the people of the developing countries and gives for specific protocols those are applicable towards the disputes incorporating the members of a developing country. A fact is usually taken into consideration is that a systems existence of a compulsory settlement of multilateral dispute is a specific advantage itself to develop small members as well as country. The Dispute Settlement System has been important to challenge the programs of harmful subsidy, removing unjustified anti-dumping responsibilities and assuring that the LDC or the Least Developing Countries can follow the strategies for diversifying trade in terms of creating new income opportu nities and new employment. Organizational Background The WTO or World Trade Organization regulates global trade and it is an intergovernmental organization. Trade among the countries is increasingly being conducted under the agreements and rules negotiated at the WTO or World Trade Organization. The increasing importance of World Trade Organization in the orderly trade conduct has minimized the bilateral negotiation compulsions for resolving the contentious issues of trade, in specific disputes of trade. Most of these can be now addressed with the help of several mechanisms set up by World Trade Organization. It can have few benefits for the weaker and smaller countries, particularly in LDC or the Least Developed Countries like Bangladesh that find themselves in a widely dissimilar position of the negotiations of trade with more potential and larger countries. Such countries hardly can expect for getting a fair deal in the negotiations those are bilateral with potential developed countries for solving disputes related to trade. Aim of the Research The aim of the research is to extract the underpinned elopements of the Dispute Settlement System of the World Trade Organization. Meanwhile, the research also aims to highlight the amount of improvement that WTO has indulged on the trading processes of various developing countries around the globe. The research will shed special light of attention on the nation Bangladesh regarding their trading growths over the past decades, in which WTO plays a pivotal disguised role. Research Objectives To analyze the importance of the dispute settlement system of WTO on various developing nations To identify various disturbing problems faced by Bangladesh over the past few decades To evaluate and discuss the past and present situation of developing countries within the World Trade Market To put in appropriate recommendations in order to enhance the current role played by WTO Research Questions The various questions that are associated with the entire research and will be satisfied within it are stated below: What are the chief features of WTO dispute settlement system? What are the most widespread problems and issues faced by developing countries in terms of within the World trade market? What are the assorted elements of development that can be indulged within the operating system of WTO? Significance of the Problem The political as well as economic stratus of Bangladesh is not strong enough to raise its bar and fight against trade barriers. It is quite natural that trade barriers will mainly be concerned with industries of a nation. If the government of a nation does not support the dispute settlement they nation will not be able to develop. Therefore, the improvement is very important on this context to overcome the challenges of the WTOs Dispute Settlement System over the least developing country like Bangladesh. Research Problem The completion of nations governance is one of the most important factors for dispute settlement. In the recent years, government of Bangladesh is not quite stable. The nation is facing several political discrepancies and the number of opposition parties is constantly increasing. Thus, the government is not able to stick confirm on the fact that whether it will be able to seek help from WTO or DSU in the recent future. Therefore, the research would be conducted to present the way of improving the current scenario of Bangladesh those have been faced by the nation with the challenges of the Dispute Settlement System of WTO. Structure of the research The researcher has made five diverse sections for recognizing the topic in order to make the research successfully. The dissertation sections are as follows, Chapter 1: Introduction The fundamental factors of the research are explained in this chapter of Introduction. The reader of the dissertation would be capable of understanding the major aim of the research by studying the chapter. Chapter 2: Literature Review This particular chapter illustrates the topic literature that the researcher has implemented after the analysis of the several journals and books that connects with the dissertation topic. Chapter 3: Research Methodology The methods can be understood by the researcher from this section those are utilized within the research in terms of getting an outcome that is important for the particular research. Chapter 4: Data Analysis: The information that is gathered in terms of the secondary data research in this chapter would be analyzed. The several consequences faced by developing countries especially Bangladesh due to the WTO dispute Settlement would be illustrated in this particular research section. Chapter 5: Recommendation and Conclusion: This particular would prepare several research ouputs along with the recommendations for the similar fact. Chapter Two - Literature Review Introduction An acceptable or a considerable amount of academic interest has been signified towards the mechanism of dispute settlement of WTO, in specifically during the last few years. Dispute Settlement is the multilateral trading systems central pillar and the unique contribution of WTO to the global economy stability. The rules-based system would become less effective without a means of settling disputes as the protocols cannot be enforced. The procedure of World Trade Organization underscores the law rules and it makes the system of trading more predictable and secure. The Dispute Settlement System is implemented based on the clearly demonstrated protocols with the timetables to complete a case. The WTO Mechanism for Dispute Resolution: The DSU The Dispute settlement Unit is one of the various annexes to the agreement conducting the World Trade Organization. The dispute administration is commended towards the DSB or Dispute Settlement Body, composed of the WTO members representatives. The whole system is widely dispersed: no authority is there available assigned to an entity of a supra-nationfor initiating the complaints against the members of World Trade Organization and the disputes are introduced at a members initiative of the World Trade Organization. WTO system adjudication has two phases: one in multilateral and one in principle bilateral. The bilateral phase is comprised if the consultation between the defendant and complainant. Some disputes are of a nature of purely bilateral although, and even if it is the fact, othe members of World Trade Organization might have an interest in the rules pertinent interpretation to this specific transaction, since, such a kind of interpretation can be significant in the interpretation of the commitments of their own in the future. While requesting consultation, to this effect, the complainant has for notifying the World Trade Organization as to the disputes subject-matter. Other members of World Trade Organization can join as co-complainants, given that their requests are accepted by the defendant. A specific disputes subject matter can range from the disagreement through a specific transaction and the consistency of it with the relevant law of the World Trade Organization towards the disagreements across the legislation consistency with the rules of World Trade Organization. However, the standard review has much more demand in the latter scenario. The complainant can request for the panel establishment for adjudicating the dispute assuming that the parties cannot reach any solution at the time of the stage of consultation. Such kind of request result in the second multilateral phase, comprised of two segments: the first segment is the procedures of panel, being the panel analog to a first court of instance; the second segment is the last instance court, the procedure before the Appellate Body. The other members of the World Trade Organization have a very short period of time within that they can request for appearing before the panel following an establishment request as third parties and represent the their points of views on a certain fact. The members of the World Trade Organization secretariat assist the panels. The secretariats role should not be underestimated. Most essentially, the secretariat members, with the secretariat member exception working for the Appellate body, besides suggesting the panel members they are assigned to, suggest also the members of the World Trade Organization on the consequences of their competence, and therefore not exclusively assigned to the panels of service. In practice, the complete process of adjudication can take up for three years. However, nothing prohibits the members of the World Trade Organization for reaching a MAS or a Mutually Agreed Solution throughout the process at any stage. A Mutually Agreed Solution must be observed to the DSB, while any member of the World Trade Organization can raise the questions as to the consistency of it with the protocols of World Trade Organization. The Role of the Dispute Settlement Mechanism of WTO An essential concern of the empirical literature is for evaluating whether the Dispute Settlement Mechanism in the World Trade Organization has met their purposes. Obviously the task needs an understanding of what the purposes are and in what way they are meant to be fulfilled, and it is quite obvious for starting from the goals are expressed often in very imprecise language. Therefore, it is required for viewing it from a more theoretical point of view, for appreciating the role of the mechanism of Dispute Settlement. Two inevitable features of the trade agreements There is a basic comparison among the scenarios under that an agreement regarding trade operates and those under what parties deal under the domestic law. Contracts in the latter case, can be made by the third parties like the courts, who have the capability ofissuingphysical action at their disposal, like an intervention. It permits the contracting parties for including the provisions that for the specific contingencies particular courses of the activities that would not be undertaken voluntarily to the contract by all the parties. There is no any outside party in this case of an agreement regarding trade who can assure that the members abide to agreement by the obligations of them, and as an outcome, it must be self-enforcing. The important implication of it is that the agreement and the mechanism of the dispute resolution of the agreement, are required to be like that it is in the interest of each member for behaving always so as for preserving the agreement integrity. On the other hand, members must not be kept in the positions where the members would like to prefer sacrificing the contribution for the gains of short-run. The important mechanism that permits the parties for making a meaningful agreement is therefore the withdrawal threat by an adversely influenced party from the agreement. The developing countries are widely stuck together with each other and expect for remaining typically do for contract breach ad the foreseeable future by a country is to be likely noticed not only by the membership as a wh ole, but also by affected partners directly. The next problem on the agreement with a scope such as World Trade Organization stems from the matter that the agreement must be incomplete for the practical reasons. It would have few explicit relatively, detailed specified constraints, but most of the ambit of it would be contained in the particular provisions vaguely, like the National Treatment. The exact ambits determination as a result is left to be taken a decision in the near future, while a conflict would occur. It is likely for carrying a huge burden in two respects if the agreement contains a mechanism of the dispute resolution. At first, it is likely to have for administering a huge amount of disputes for the matter that many in the deal are left unspecified. In addition, a remarkable responsibility rests of the technique, as it is likely for playing a very crucial role to shape the practical ambit of that agreement. The Advantages and Disadvantages of an Explicit Mechanism of Dispute Settlement It has been suggested by many researchers that the negotiated agreements under the WTO dispute settlement should be flexible as well as self-enforcing. It will surely restrict the impact of the agreement but the threat of the future punishment for violations by the concerned parties may dissuade a social behavior. It is obviously necessary to incorporate in the discussion that why such explicit dispute settlement mechanism may benefitted at the end of the trading period. Meanwhile, the parties cannot rely only in implicit understanding of the settlement. It has been assumed by the researchers that the substantial amount of economic literature on trade agreements should provide rational explanations. However, the determination of tariff levels are not evaluated properly and the focus made by several researchers is the legal form of the cooperative outcomes. Furthermore, the formal structure of such agreements is mostly identical in nature, which analyzed collusion in product market. In addition, the specified literature explained more emphatically that such agreement should maintain the economic explanation on a parallel basis by evaluating implicit coordinated price setting and an outright cartel. By these consequences, trading partners belongs in the negotiated agreements not distinguished between tariff reductions, which have been incorporated in the explicit agreements. The literature related on this topic has two central elements of trade agreements. The first element mainly concentrated on the self-enforcing mechanism and for this fact there must be the common understanding of what elements should be incorporate into the cooperative behavior. Furthermore, the approach also dealt with an amount of violation of the implicit agreement. On the contrary, for this incompleteness of the contract faces many difficulties for the partners included in the agreements to maintain a implicit form of a common understanding. Therefore an explicitly agreed pattern is necessary for understanding the agreement and controlling related disputes may definitely be helpful for achievement of trading coordination at the specified period. Firstly, the interpretation relating to agreements fills such gaps gradually and then makes such agreements less incomplete. But sometimes the trading decisions may be restricted by the unintentional manner. In addition, by specified proc edure in an agreed upon approach for jurisdiction can resolve the coordination problem relating to explicit agreements. In that perspective, the legislators can avoid the relating details of contract by agreeing to let a third party. Secondly, the literature also suggested that the root of the related issues can be expected be both respondents and complainants. In that case, the DSU has selected chosen an intermediate form of punishment, which resolve the related illegalities while committing agreements by the trading partners. In that case, if the third party get a scope to determine the strong countermeasures which are generally associated with the complainants, can play a pivotal role for the specified dispute settlement mechanism. Lastly, the complexity of such issues arise due to application of a large number of measures that mistakenly fall under the place of not favorable position and agreements may allow illegal conditions relating to such dispute system mechanism. The literature is also made confused with the fact that a particular boundary line is missing which can restrict the degree of precision scientifically. The researches, thus, mainly suggested that adjudication must be maintained and a disinterested party should perform such process. By this procedure, it will help to achieve gaining reputation by maintaining neutrality and transparency. The researchers also mentioned the fact that DS system strictly imposes restrictions on trading members rights to take the unilateral action. In this way, the dispute system mechanism will perform for the weeken trade agreement and shall mitigate the welfare of parties jointly. Dispute Settling Procedures The settlement of dispute is the responsibility of the DSB or Dispute Settlement Body that is comprised of all the members of the World Trade Organization. The DSB has the sole authority for establishing expert panels for considering the case and for accepting or rejecting the findings of the panels or an appeals result. It observes the implementation the recommendations and the rulings and it has the potential for authorizing the retaliation while a country does not fulfil with a decision. First Stage: Consultation: In dispute the countries require to talk to each other before taking any other actions for seeing if they can make a settlement among their differences by themselves. They can go to the director-general of World Trade Organization to ask for mediating or trying for helping in any other way if they fail. Second Stage: Panel: The country that makes complaint can go for asking for a panel if the consultations fail. The country can restrict the panel creation once, but while the DSB meets for a twice, the appointment cannot be restricted for a long time. The panel officially is helping the DSB create recommendations or rulings However, as the report of the panel can be only rejected by the consensus in the DSB, the conclusions are tough for overturning. The final report of the panel should be provided normally to the parties within six months to the dispute. The deadline is become short to three months, including those concerning perishable goods in the cases of urgency. The agreement demonstrates in few details in what way the panels are for working. The major stages are as follows, Before the initial heading: In the dispute every portion shows its case in the writing to the panel. That case to complain defense and country: First Heading: the responding countries, the complaining countries and those have made an announcement that they are interested in that dispute, create their case at the panels first hearing. Rebuttals: the countries those are incorporated in the rebuttals those are submit written and shows the oral arguments at the second meeting of the panel. Experts: the panel may appoint an expert or consult a review group of experts for preparing a report of advise if the one side raises technical as well as scientific facts. First Draft: It makes a submission of the reports descriptive sections to the both sides, providing them 2 weeks for commenting. It does not incorporate the conclusions and findings. Interim Report: then it makes a submission of an interim report, incorporating the conclusions and findings, to the both of the sides providing them 1 week for asking for a feedback. Review: the period for review is submitted to the two sides and it is spread to the all members of WTO two weeks later. It recommends that the measure be prepared for conforming the rules of the World Health Organization if the panel takes a decision that the measure of the dispute trade breaks an agreement or an obligation of the World Health Organization. Becoming the report a ruling: the report becomes the recommendation or ruling of the Dispute Settlement Body within Sixty days unless a consensus removes it. Both the sides can want or appeal for the report. Retaliation and Compensation There are two possibilities are fixed in the Dispute Settlement Understanding: It may do a negotiation with the state of complaint for a mutually accepting compensation if a member is failed to carry out the rulings and recommendations within the reasonable period. Compensation is not demonstrated, it can be expected for consisting of a concessions grant by the state of respondent on a service or a product of interest of the state of complainant. The prevailing state can request the authorization for suspending the application from the DSB to member concerned of obligations and the concessions under the agreements those are covered, if any agreement on the compensation is reached within the twenty days of the expiration of the reasonable period. The Dispute Settlement Understanding makes a clear understanding that the retaliation is not at all favored and fixes the retaliation criteria. Developing Countries The Dispute Settlement Understanding contains various provisions those are directed to the developing countries. Many of the agreements were taken into consideration in the Uruguay Round. This Dispute Settlement Understanding conveys that the members of WTO should provide more or special attention towards the issues as well as the interests of the members of the developing countries. Moreover, if a party is a developing country to a dispute, that country is entitled of containing at least one panelist who is coming from a developing country. The consultation time can be extended if a complaint is raised against a developing country. The deadlines for the developing countries for making the submissions can be free if the dispute comes into the panel. The Secretariat is also authorized for making a qualified legal expert present on request to any developing country. the Chairman and the Director-General of the DSB stand readily for offering the good and well-constructed offices of them before a formal panel request is designed, if the formal complaints against least developed countries such as Bangladesh are discouraged as well as the consultations fail. Bangladesh Economy The score of the economic freedom of Bangladesh is about 53.9, constructing the country economy the 131st freest in the index of 2015. Bangladeshs total score has been minimized by 0.2 point with the freedom improvements from economic independence, independence from corruption and labor independence outweighed by the signified declines made in the business independence and the investment freedom. The economic freedom of Bangladesh has fluctuated over the past five years at the lower end of the category. The improvements of the modest score have taken place in only four of the ten financial freedoms and the total reform policy appears to have stalled. A usual disregard for a judicial system, rampant corruption and the rule of law from the interference of politics give a weak foundation for the modification of economy. The deteriorating prospects for the near-term improvements in the economic freedom and the momentum for the economic reforms have been diminished by the lack of a national consensus on the future policy changes direction. Coneptual Framework WTO Mechanism for Dispute Resolution: The DSU Bangladesh Economy Developing Countries Dispute Settling Procedures Consultation and the panel Two inevitable features of the trade agreements Retaliation and Compensation Advantages and Disadvantages of Dispute Settlement Role of the Dispute Settlement Mechanism Fig 1: Conceptual Framework (Source: Created by Author) Introduction The tactic implemented through the overall research has been provided in this chapter with few reasoning. Several sections are categorized that incorporate the clarification the selecting the philosophy of positivism research. The reason for choosing the approach of deductive research and the approach of the research is also illustrated in this chapter at the desired part. The overall dissertation is made based on the secondary data collected from several articles and journals and the reason behind it is also clarified. In addition the chapter also has the explanation and a demonstration of the timetable (Gantt chart) and the ethical consideration as well along with the consequences regarding the accessibility. Investigation Categorization Research Philosophy The factors of material those are previously available worldwide and require to be tested in terms of the several scientific methodologies are called the Positivism Philosophy. The realism meanwhile conveys that the objects those are completely relaxed from the human being aspect. However, on the other hand, at the same time these are the identical objects those are available in the world and are also realized by the human sense. In addition, the interpretivism is known as the philosophies that is made by the human being publicly through the perception, and do not incorporate any kind of testing of the data. Clarification to select the positivism research philosophy The study on the research on the dispute settlement issues of WTO in the context of developing countries goes very closely with the procedure of the deduction that is one prime reason behind selecting the positivism philosophy. The several data or the information hose are of the utmost importance towards the research are gathered from the several books, peer journals and articles those have an in-depth connectivity with the dissertation topic. The World Trade Organizations global official website was also analyzed in a proper way for gaining success to several financial statements in the perspective of the developing countries especially Bangladesh would determine the financial position and the standings of the countries under the dispute settlement system of the World Trade Organization. Research Approach The two of the most common and well known approaches are the inductive and deductive approach. A particular approach or a methodology where the researcher has to ho through the previous research that was implemented on the same matter that is the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement System is also called the deductive approach. The data gathering or collection done by several kinds of modes of methods and interaction and then keeping those modes under some examinations that is finally put into some actions is called the inductive process. Clarification for selecting the deductive approach The researcher of this dissertation selects the deductive approach of the data collection because the dissertation is completely made based on the secondary data those are mainly gathered or in other words collected from the several websites, journals, articles, books and journals that comes in handy about the topic of the dissertation that is the Dispute Settlement System of World Trade Organization. In addition, this approach of data collection has a in-depth connection with the topic of the dissertation. Research Design This section of designing the research has three several ways for selecting from for the researcher those are as follows: Exploratory Design The researcher has developed the explanatory design during the time while the researcher faces problems about the complete understanding of the issues and is also containing a fear about the relevant documents. Explanatory Research at this section of time the researcher utilizes the explanatory designing approach for proving their statements with the effective and desired examples in order to make a particular relationship among all the different variables those are used during the cause. Descriptive Design the researcher always adopts the style of the descriptive research whenever the topic of the dissertation has a wide scope to be researched at that particular point of time. Justification to select the descriptive design The research has a huge scope for exploring the several sections of operation of the World Trade Organization and their huge trade related influences on several developing countries especially Bangladesh and different kinds of data or information are gathered in terms of performing the secondary data collection. Therefore, the researcher has also considered the descriptive designing style. Sampling This whole research is mainly conducted on the basis of the secondary methods of the data collection. Hence, the information or the details gathered by the same is kept into utilized in terms of completing the whole discussion of this particular dissertation successfully. Data Collection Method The information for a certain research can normally be gathered or by the 2 several methods those are known as the secondary and the primary data collection methods. This research is comprised only of the secondary data and the reason behind it is that the data are gathered only in terms of the quantitative data. Secondary Data Collection In this particular section the data is gathered from the various journals, books and articles those have an in-depth connectivity with the topic of the research or the dissertation. Furthermore, the website of the World Trade Organization as well as the other various websites consisting of data regarding the Dispute Settlement System can also be utilized to collect data to conduct the research. Quantitative Data the data is gathered in this section for determining the several issues faced the developing countries especially Bangladesh and would also be calculated based on that several consequences those are taken from many different books, journals and articles as well. The prime shortcomings of this Dispute Settlement system of the World Trade Organization would also be extracted from the analysis of the data and the other appropriate measures would be also listed for overcoming the same and to discover the way of improving these shortcomings of the Dispute Settlement System over Bangladesh. Accessibility Issues The worst part of the various issues faced by Bangladesh in this context that Bangladesh had to bear certain conditions to fight against its neighboring countrys dumping activity. Extracting desired journals and information and surfing of various sites was also a very hectic section for completing. In addition, the several legal formalities was to be taken inconsideration in terms of running the research in a very smooth way. Time Table (Gantt Chart) Main activities 1st week 2nd week 3rd week 4th+5th week 6th week 7th week Topic Selection Literature review Research methodology Secondary data collection Analysis and data interpretation Findings Conclusion and Recommendation Final submission Summary The chapter has provided several important elements of the details about the exact outcome and the purpose of the conduction of the research and the overview of the different techniques and methods as well those are utilized within the overall study of this dissertation. In addition, the Gantt chart provided at the end of this chapter gives an idea to us regarding the systematic way the researcher has implemented the overall research in terms of making the research an actual success. Introduction In this chapter, dispute settlement analysis will be conducted in context to Bangladesh. The activities with which WTO is associated will be conducted in this chapter. Several findings will be analyzed and the importance of dispute settlement system will be conducted. For Bangladesh, one of the major dispute related scenario is regarding the differences between anti-dumping laws with India. The findings will relate to a vast consideration of Appealing body and Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) authority. Though Bangladesh falls under the least developing country (LDC), still from this analysis it will be found that Bangladesh is the only country that has registered complaints in WTO from time to time, so that trade related concerns are strengthened and economy is widened. Thematic analysis has been conducted for this research. In this process the researcher has created five themes depending on research objectives created in chapter 1. Findings Theme 1: WTO Dispute Settlement system in context to Bangladesh It has been a very common fact among the communities that Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) is concentrated to richer nations as such nations are able to comply with staff lawyers, perusing trade problems and develop members. This is because such nations are able to expend more money and time that other nations perhaps may not accumulate. On the other hand, the recent changes in dispute settlement have proved the fact that there will be no discrimination among the countries. The guiding principle for developing countries, especially for Bangladesh has been every member is equal before the law, which was designed to lead equal and fairer opportunities for systematic power policies and politics. The system has been improved with more focus on juridical approach and trade disputes where careful analysis of neutral and rule interpretation has been justified for Bangladesh by WTO. Especially for a developing country like Bangladesh, WTO member governments have prepared the implement panel and Appellate Body rulings that will relate the rules and regulations in conformity with WTO. According to conventional WTO view, the increased utilization of the system by developing countries confirms that the multilateral approach protects all Members, not just the large, strong, or rich. This implies that Bangladesh was been able to get huge justification from WTO. Theme 2: Problems faced by Bangladesh in past Bangladesh has been the least developed country (LDC) to bring WTO claim. The international trade is being conducted as per the agreements and rules negotiated at World Trade Organization. Dynamical negotiations are under effect due to trade disputes which are highly regulated by WTO. This has resulted in a great advantage for least developed countries, where Bangladesh is the most benefitted. In consideration to trade, significant duties were imposed by the neighboring country such as India on Bangladesh. Bangladesh has been undergoing weaker economy than India and thus it was not able to fight against the later country. It was found that Bangladesh had to bear certain conditions to fight against its neighboring countrys dumping activity. The first was that there would be single statutory authority who would deal with territorial squabbles and difference of opinions. Second was that exporters must have agreed to comply with statutory authority. Third was that there would have been m odicum of expertise that would mount a legal challenge. Political will would have pursued the dispute till the end. Finally, there must have been adequate fund to pursue the dumping case till the end. Bangladesh roused this concern towards WTO. The WTO Advisory Centre prepared the request of Bangladesh with WTO consultants to undertake the pursuant of provisions regarding WTO Dispute Settlement. The international disputes between the nations were finally put the end after general assistance from Advisory centre, or otherwise it would have been very difficult for Bangladesh to seek redress in the WTO. Theme 3: Reason behind implementation of dispute settlement Bangladesh is the growing nation but its economy is not so much strong. In consideration to other developing nations such as India, the political scenario of Bangladesh is quite different. One of the most important factors for dispute settlement is the completion of nations governance. Both the political and economic stratus of Bangladesh is not strong enough to raise its bar and fight against trade barriers. It is quite natural that trade barriers will mainly be concerned with industries of a nation. If the government of a nation does not support the dispute settlement they nation will not be able to develop. In the recent years, government of Bangladesh is not quite stable. The nation is facing several political discrepancies and the number of opposition parties is constantly increasing. Thus, the government is not able to stick confirm on the fact that whether it will be able to seek help from WTO or DSU in the recent future. For own beneficiary, opposition parties are constantly engaged with raising a dispute but is not letting the ruling party to take further step to settle the trade related disputes. In consideration to above discussion, it has been found that Bangladesh has been still able to settle much of its disputes as the current government has thought of raising complaints to WTO. In consideration to global picture, more than 155 formal complaints have been raised up by developing nations from 35 different developing countries, out of which 5 complaints have been raised up by Bangladesh only. 59% of the complaints have been resolved by the WTO but the rests are under process. It has been quite sure that Bangladesh will take a huge amount of time to develop itself in terms of economy and for that the current government has to take care of dispute settlement. As WTO is always trying to sustain a positive outcome from Appellate Body, hence a developing country like Bangladesh will be able to surely develop its Theme 4: Past and present situation of Bangladesh in context to World Trade Market Out of all the activities and complaints registered by the countries and members regarding trade, more than 60% have been raised up by Bangladesh. The other countries such as African members other than South Africa and Egypt, has not complained or cited for alleged violation by others. From here it can be understood that the largest percentage of disputes are been raised by Bangladesh only. If the past is considered, then it can be found that the highest supply for Bangladesh was gained from India alone. Much of the economy of Bangladesh was supported by India alone. The educational institutes and industrial trades were much supported by India. At present the textile industry of Bangladesh is rapidly growing in Bangladesh and hence much of textile goods are exported from the nation. This has enhanced the trade market of the country. Earlier, Bangladesh was not developed in any of the industrial sectors. On the other hand, it was the neighboring country India that impacted the most in trading with Bangladesh. The imports from India were found to be less than one-quarter from other countries in consideration to Bangladesh. The trade liberation policies impacted a huge of the total imports of Bangladesh. The trade liberation policy of India was smaller on exports from Bangladesh to India. The exports increased from US$31million to US$144 million from the year 2004 to 2005. A large amount of trade deficit was found to be in between Bangladesh and India as US$1.9 billion was the export of India towards Bangladesh and for Bangladesh it was just US$113million. A large amount of trade imbalance was found to be in between the two countries. In the same context it was found that India used to dump huge amount of battery in Bangladesh that forced the country to seek help from DSU. The trade market of Bangladesh has develop ed a lot in the recent years and it has stepped towards exports of its textile goods to the whole of US. As the government is only responsible for WTO deliberations, hence the Bangladesh Prime Minister Sk Hassina has developed its relations with WTO for smooth functioning of industrial trades. Theme 5: Working of DSU for Bangladesh Much of the mechanisms of WTO have been changed in the recent years. The explicit threats of the developing nations have been changed a lot. Because of political and economic arm-twisting activities of Bangladesh, several disputes of industries are solved by WTO. In the year 2004, Bangladesh has become embroiled with the WTO trade dispute with regards to its neighboring country, India. The export trade was quite diversified and the anti-dumping duties were made stronger. Bangladesh had to enhance its economic status to a great extent and for that it had to seek help from WTO. The Dispute Settlement Authority of Bangladesh had to twist the negotiations and settlements beyond the consultation stage regarding diversifying its economy and export trade. At present Bangladesh is the only developing country that is generating complaints in WTO for fair trade with other nations. Summary From the above data analysis, it can be summarized that the trading related activities of Bangladesh are quite stronger from the past. As the industrial trading is not limited to a nation particularly, much of the export related activities of Bangladesh are under process for better stability and conformity. It has been found that Bangladesh is the only developing nation that has registered so many complaints regarding fair trading in WTO with the help of DSU. It can even be said that WTO is not limited to rich nations and is fair enough to justify each of the developing nations. Still some of the developing nations are not registering complaints in WTO, which may be due to political discriminations. Conclusion After conducting the researcher, it can be concluded that World Trade Organization is a governmental organizational deals with international business between nations. In order to establish business relationship, countries are focused on maintaining some legislation imposed by this governmental organization. As this process is complex and lengthy, WTO is facing different issues while handling international business between developing countries. The organization is especially facing issues regarding international business while handling business dealings of Bangladesh. The major issue faced the organization while handling international business practices o Bangladesh is high cost of international business. Excessive living cost of people is harming living standard of people, thus organizations are targeting international market for increasing flow of foreign currency. Moreover, the developing countries are best place of the developing countries to expand business globally. Developing c ountry can provide cheap labor force, which helps in increasing business profitability. Therefore, WTO is implementing Dispute Settlement Process for reducing issues of international business faced by Bangladesh. Recommendations Dispute Settlement Process refers to the process of monitoring international business practices of two countries for identifying and reducing possible risk factors. It helps in maintaining the world economy and international tread practices in an effective manner. However, World Tread Organization is facing issues, which needs proper monitoring and solution for improving business practices of Bangladesh. Following are the recommendations for reducing issues faced by WTO Dispute Settlement Process. Recommendation 1: Cutting down cost of living for improving living standard It is important to reduce market price of imported goods by lowering down the tax amount. It will help the organization to reduce living cost of people in developing country. In this process, it will be possible for WTO to increase business investment of the entire country. Leaving standard of the society will directly facilitate the business growth and export practice of developing country. Increasing profitability of the developing country will be possible by implementing this particular strategy. Developing countries should comply with the imposed legislations for improving economical condition. Increasing investment of the developing countries can facilitate the developing countries in increasing profitability in international market. Recommendations 2: Settlement of dispute for reducing trade tensions Dispute in business practices is the major reason, which is creating barriers for WTO in handling international business of Bangladesh. Therefore, WTO should pay close attention to the trade documents of Bangladesh for reducing dispute. For an example, monitoring tax related issue is one of the most effective processes, which WTO should conduct. This will help companies of developing countries to reduce business risk in international market. Apart from that, WTO should impose more strict legislations for improving business practices of developing countries. In order to reduce business tension, developing countries should maintain strong agreement with international countries for conducting healthy business. Recommendation 3: Stimulating employment and economic growth World Trade Organizations Dispute Settlement Process should increase employment of developing country by imposing policies and procedures. 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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Westermeier, A. 2014. WTO Rights and Human Rights in the WTO Arbitration (WTO-Rechte und Menschenrechte im WTO-Schiedsverfahren). SSRN Electronic Journal. Serra Puche, J. and Kallab, V. 2012. Reflections on regionalism. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Reynolds, K.M. and Bown, C.P., 2015.Trade Agreements and Enforcement: Evidence from WTO Dispute Settlement(No. 2015-04). Weiss, F. 2011. Improving WTO dispute settlement procedures. London: Cameron May. Shadikhodjaev, S. 2012. Retaliation in the WTO dispute settlement system. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. Wilson, D. 2011. A Study on the Settlement of Dispute through ODR Dispute Mediation System. International Commerce and Information Review, 10(2), pp.45-62. Yerxa, R. and Wilson, B. 2015. Key issues in WTO dispute settlement. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Shaffer, G., Mosoti, V. and Qureshi, A. 2013. Towards a development-supportive dispute settlement system at the WTO. Geneva: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development.